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The stained glass is a common decorative technique in medieval Gothic churches. By adding different oxidized metals to the glass making process, the glass produces various colors. When the outdoor sunlight is injected into the room through the window glass, the interior of the church can produce rich light changes and space atmosphere. Although the window glass is the main feature of the Gothic church, it appeared much earlier than the Gothic church. According to ancient literature, ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamia have appeared in stained glass, and at the latest in the first century, the ancient Romans used stained glass for windows, but at that time Glass is less regular and less transparent. According to archaeological evidence, churches in the early Middle Ages have begun to use window glass as an expression. For example, in the famous Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, northern Italy, archaeologists have dug three pieces of stained glass with Jesus and the cross-shaped light wheel, and Jesus stood in two Between the Greek letter A (the beginning of the symbol) and the Ω (the end of the symbol). It is speculated that this group of stained glass may be used on windows, and it was about 540 AD, the same as the church was built. The early case of stained glass used in churches was not only in Italy, but also in St. Paul's Monastery (Jer. 686) in Jarrow, England, and many ancient window shards were excavated. The medieval Romanesque church in Europe used more window panes, but the walls of the Romanesque buildings are generally heavy, and the windows usually have small openings, so the window glass is more limited in expression. At the same time, the mosque buildings used more delicate window glass, but due to the Islamic faith, these window glass can only use geometric or plant graphics, so the change of window glass in the development of the Islamic world is also Limited. Window glass really becomes one of the main manifestations of religious architecture, and should be the age of medieval medieval Gothic churches in Europe. Compared with the imitation Romanesque church, the Gothic church has a more breakthrough development in the structure and structure of the building. Buildings no longer use arches of limited shape and scale, but further use pointed arches and flying buttress construction elements, so that the building has a high-profile body. The part of the outer wall body load structure can also be reduced. This means that large glass windows can begin to appear in Gothic church buildings. Based on the long-term development of the past, colored glass finally showed the greatest performance in the Gothic church. The Gothic church building originated in Paris, France, such as Chartres Cathedral (12th-13th centuries), Notre-Dame de Paris (12-14th century), Paris Holy Chapel (Sainte-) Chapelle, 13th century, etc., have gorgeous and delicate window glass. There are a variety of religious figures and themes on the window glass of the Gothic church, such as Jesus Christ, John the Baptist, the Virgin Mary, the apostles, the martyrs, the saints, and so on. If the Byzantine church mainly uses mosaic as the artistic expression of the interior architectural face, then the Gothic church uses the window glass. On the west side of the main entrance, the south wing or the north wing façade, the Gothic church often has a window glass with a rose window as its expression. For example, in Chartres Cathedral, the theme of the rose window above the main entrance on the west side of the church is the “last Judgment”, which may be related to the theological meaning of the orientation and configuration of the church: God's Day of Judgment, God Will come from the east, and the dead will be resurrected by the west, and God and the judge will meet in the church. Since most Christians in the Middle Ages are illiterate, they cannot read the Bible and learn important biblical characters and allusions. The window glass becomes one of the best sources of their understanding of faith, so the window glass is also nicknamed. "Poor Man's Bible". In the later years of medieval Gothic architecture, the window glass continued to be used, but as the church building and space form changed, the role of the window glass was no longer as important as it used to be. In the second half of the 16th century, due to the rise of the Protestant Reformation in the Netherlands, they opposed the Roman Catholic Church and regarded the art of various icons as idolatry, thus destroying the sculptures, murals and window glass on a large scale, so that the Netherlands Many of the existing old churches have only clear glass and no window glass. There are also many churches that have reappeared in the form of modern art on the window glass after the war, such as de stijl, expressionism and even postmodernist symbolism. To this day, the creation of window glass continues to appear in new churches around the world, and there are specialized schools that teach and study the creation and technology of various window glass. Window glass and Christian churches have been regarded as the most traditional architectural traditions of Christian churches. An important part.